Mnamon

Ancient writing systems in the Mediterranean

A critical guide to electronic resources

Iberian

- 6th – 1st centuries BC


Examples of writing



Ullastret lead plaque (face A)

Ullastret lead plaque (face A)
Source: MLH III, 42-43.

Paleohispanic script. Levantine variant.

Text is to read from left to right.The triple points are punctuation signs.

The meaning is still unknown.

 

Transcription (face A, reading Hesperia)

 

1 ar:basiaŕebe
2 ebaŕikáme:túikésiŕa:borsté:abaŕkeborsté:téŕ
3 tiŕs:baitesbi:neitékeŕu:táŕbelioŕkú:tímoŕ
4 kíŕ:bartaśkó:anbeikú:baitesir:saltukó:kúletábeŕkú+
5 bikiltiŕsté:eŕeśu:kótibanen:eberka:táśkáliŕs
6 loŕsa:batíbi:biuŕtáneś:saltukileŕkú:ki



Greco-Iberian lead plaque from Alcoy

Greco-Iberian lead plaque from Alcoy
Source: MLH III, 566.

Greco-Iberian script.

An Ionian alphabet used to write the Iberian language. This text (BdHesp A.04.01 = MLH III, G.1.1) allowed Don Manuel Gomez Moreno to identify and read some Iberian signs in 1925.

 

Transcription (reading Hesperia)

 

AI

iŕike:orti:gaŕokan:dadula:baśk:
buiśtiner:bagaŕok:sssX<:tuŕlbai
luŕa:leguśegik:baseŕokeiunbaida:
uŕke:basbidiŕbartin:iŕike:baseŕ
okar:tebind:belagaśikauŕ:isbin
ai:asgandis:tagisgaŕok:binike
bin:śalir:kidei:gaibigait:

AII

sakaŕiskeŕ
arnai:

B

iunstir:śalirg:basiŕtiŕ:sabaŕi
dai:birinaŕ:guŕś:boiśtingiśdid:
seśgeŕśduŕan:sesdiŕgadedin:
seŕaikala:naltinge:bidudenin:ildu
niŕaenai:bekoŕ:sebagediŕan



La Bastida de les Alcusses (Mogente, Valencia) lead plaque (face B)

La Bastida de les Alcusses (Mogente, Valencia)  lead plaque (face B)
Source: Museo de Prehistòria de Valencia.

Paleohispanic script. Meridional variant.

One of the first texts published by the discoverer of the Iberian script, Don Manuel Gomez Moreno, in 1922.

This quite small lead plaque (18 x 4 cm) is written is a linear script (with guidelines carefully drawn) and is e read from right to left. The triple points are punctuation signs. (BdHesp V.17.02 = MLH III, G.7.2).

Transcription (reading Hesperia)

B

saltulakokiaΦ(6)

berSiRkaΦ(8)artakerkaΦ(6)◊IΨStautinkaΦ(7)berSiRkaao(3)Φ(1)

biurtakerkaΦ(2)ΦDltirka&(5)saltulakokiaΦ(1)saltulakokiao(2)

◊beronkaΦ(2)berSiRkao(3)sakarbaSkaΦ(3 bi)berSiRkaΦ(10)aituarΦkiaΦ(1)

kaniberonkaΦ(5)biuriltirka&(2)sΨkelkaΦ(6)biurtakerkaΦ(5)aituarΦkiaΦ(6)



Bensafrim stele

Bensafrim stele
Source: MLH IV, 205.

South-Lusitanian script (also called "Tartessian").

This script is redundant and the language written has not yet been identified.

Transcription (reading Hesperia) BdHesp FAR.02.01 = MLH IV, J.1.1
 

1) lokᵒobᵒoniirabᵒotᵒ̲oaŕaiaikᵃaltᵉelokᵒo
2) nanenaŕ[-]ekᵃa_ⁱiśiinkᵒolobᵒ
3) oiitᵉerobᵃarebᵉetᵉasiioonii



Espanca stone

Espanca stone
Source: Correa, 1993 (La Hispania prerromana), 522.

This is the only example of a syllabary which indicates the existence of writing schools.