A study conducted as part of the Inscribe (Invention of Scripts and their Beginnings) project of the Department of Classical Philology and Italianistics at the University of Bologna has led to the identification of correlations between a number of archaic cylindrical seal motifs dating back to the fourth millennium B.C.E. and a number of signs from protocuneiform, a writing system that predates cuneiform in the Mesopotamian region and to which the meaning associated with those motifs may have been transferred.